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Sunday, 2 September 2018

POSITION TRACKING SYSTEM FOR SOLAR PV


With growing development, there arises subsequent need of energy for every part of human life .The main source of energy is nature, which provides several sources like the fossil fuels. The natural resources can be classified into non renewable and renewable sources of energy.  
Ò Renewable energy--power generated from the nearly infinite elements of nature such as sunshine, wind, the movement of water, the internal heat of the Earth.
Ò   It is thought to be an inexhaustible and environmentally benign source of power, particularly compared with environmentally problematic alternative of reliance on fossil fuels and nuclear power

AIM
Designing a position tracking system for solar PV.

OBJECTIVES
Ø     Maximizing output from solar PV.
Ø     Increasing efficiency by using a solar tracker device used for orienting solar PV panel towards the sun.



WORKING PRINCIPLE

Ò     Auto-tracking control system composed of PLC, sensors, signal processing units, PV cells, electromagnetic and mechanical motion control modules and power supply systems.
Ò    Panel detects the sun light strength to sensors
Ò  The sensors output is given to the PLC which compares it and produces an equivalent output so as to rotate the motor and align the panel in the direction of sun


HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Ò      SOLAR PANEL
Ò     LDR SENSORS
Ò     STEPPER MOTOR
Ò     RELAY
Ò     PLC



SOLAR PANEL

A solar panel is a cluster of solar cells arranged in matrix.
A solar cell is a two layered semiconductor device which is used to absorb the radiation.
It works on the principle of photovoltaic, which implies generation of voltage through incident light.



STEPPER MOTOR

Ø Its an electromechanical device which converts digital pulse inputs to incremental shaft rotation.
Ø    Used for precision positioning control applications.
Ø   Its controlled by a series of electromagnetic coils.

RELAY

Its an electrically operated switch used for switching of large currents.
Uses an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically


ADVANTAGES

Ø Simple
Ø Low cost
Ø Eco-Friendly
Ø We can monitor directly using PC
Ø Tracking accuracy is more
Ø Reduce the usage of power from power grid


DISADVANTAGE

Ò    Solar electricity is not available at night and is less available in
Ò  Cloudy weather conditions. Therefore, a storage or complimentary
Ò    Power system is required.
Ò   Limited power density.
Ò    Solar cells produce DC which must be converted to AC when used in.

CONCLUSION


Ò  The invention of Solar Tracking System helps us improve the performance of PV solar system in a simple way
Ò   Used relative method of sunlight strength.
Ò    Established a model of automatic tracking system to keep vertical contact between solar panels and sunlight.
Ò  Improved the utilization rate of solar energy and efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system.


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